Glossary of terms used in Aroyi

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Cloudfunding

Cloudfunding is what we call our particular fund or "bursary" of contributions by collaborating companies, which complements and can multiply the process of raising collective resources in a distributed manner (drop by drop) we have at Goteo. That is to say, it is a complementary channel for the optimisation of the investment of shared resources, guided by the interest of civil society, and its reward in benefit of the largest possible amount of people. More information.

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Commons

The commons, also called common good, is the way a community produces and manages, publicly and collectively, shared goods and resources, be they tangible or intangible, which belong to us and can be freely used by individuals, who must expand and preserve them. A model of governance through collective responsibility, based on community, trust, transparency, solidarity work, peer exchange and universal access. Common goods and resources that inform the commons are those that we inherit, create and recreate together, and that we hope to bequeath to future generations. Strictly speaking, "commons" refers to a wide diversity of natural, cultural or social goods. For example: seeds, the Internet, folklore, drinking water, public space, knowledge, etc. Goods and resources that we often only become aware of when they are threatened or in danger of disappearing or being privatised.

For this reason, like many people, we believe that it is important to actively boost and reinforce them, (re)discovering the commons in the possibilities of the Internet and the digital realm, but also in the use of the new spaces where we want to live and work. In the vast field of education, where innovation is so urgently needed; or in the new modes of production and distribution of ecological food, and the preservation of the environment in general. And this is just to mention a few of the many areas which must be explored. The notion of commons is an old legal/philosophic concept which has, in recent years, acquired renewed impulse, presence and public repercussion, thanks to the development of free knowledge and the open source movement premised on free software, the proliferation of licences such as Creative Commons, or the Noble Prize in Economics bestowed on Elinor Ostrom in 2009, for her contributions to the governance of common goods. More information in Wikipedia.

Antonio Lafuente is a researcher at the CSIC (Spanish Centre for Human and Social Sciences) in the are of science studies, and promoter of the Commons Lab at Medialab Prado. He has worked on the colonial expansion of science, and in the relationship of science with its audiences and with lay knowledge. More recently, he has been researching the relationship between technology and commons, as well as the links between new and old bodies of heritage.
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Crowdfunding

Crowdfunding is a form of collaboration among many people, generally through the Internet, in order to raise an amount of money for a common goal, or to support efforts initiated by another individual, group or specific organisation.

For some time now, crowdfunding hast been oriented towards a wide variety of goals: from natural disaster relief or the development of cultural projects, to the funding of political campaigns. More information in Wikipedia.

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Free and/or Open Licences

Based on the four freedoms of libre knowledge, there are a number of free and/or open legal licences, with different specifications or restrictions. They allow the preservation of authorship while at the same time explicitly alowing the partial or full reproduction, public communication, distribution, modification and/or exploitation of each creation.

At Goteo we propose and we counsel on a series of licences, such as: Creative Commons (CC), General Public Licence (GPL), GNU Affero General Public Licence (AGPLv3), Open Database (ODBC), Licencia Red Abierta Libre Neutral (XOLN) or Open Hardware Licence (OHL). You can consult the content of these and other licences at Creative Commons, Free Software Foundation or Safe Creative. More information in Wikipedia.

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Libre knowledge

Knowledge is the human attribute that has made us evolve as a species. It is not a finite good, but, on the contrary, the more it is used, the more it develops, which requires certain social conditions which can stimulate its generation, learning, internalisation, systematisation, transmission and application.

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Libre knowledge understands knowledge as a public good, which benefits the equal development of people, as creators and carriers of the world. Therefore, in the face of restrictive norms such as intellectual property or patents, free knowledge is ruled by the following freedoms (it must enjoy at least freedoms 0 and 2):

  • Freedom 0: it allows to be acquired and used without asking for permission.
  • Freedom 1: it allows modification according to specific requirements.
  • Freedom 2: it allows sharing with others.
  • Freedom 3: it allows that derived modifications and improvements be distribute, contributing to the collective benefit.

More information in Wikipedia.

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